Topic
Confined Space Hazards
Hazards arising from enclosed spaces with restricted access and dangerous conditions.
Newest 100 Documents
All 107 in search- 202617 Mar
Working in a confined space without a Permit to Work
A safety walk-round identified crew removing pipes inside a sewage tank without a confined-space entry permit. Work was stopped and treated as a near miss. The flash examines assumptions arising from the tank’s clean appearance, missing entry safeguards and inadequate hazard identification, and stresses following procedures and confirming confined-space work with supervisors.
- 2026Feb
CHIRP Superyacht FEEDBACK 11 (February 2026)
Six superyacht reports examine an unpermitted hull repair, a close-quarters encounter, grounding on uncharted coral, fuel-handling failure, hazardous acetone use in a bilge sump and premature anchor release. Commentary addresses reporting culture, collision avoidance, passage planning, fuel purification, respiratory protection limitations and confined-space precautions, emphasising communication and challenges to unsafe decisions.
- 2026
CHIRP Maritime FEEDBACK 82 (Spring 2026)
Maritime reports examine solvent use in bilges, navigation audit findings, refused fuel-tank entry, twin-lanyard misuse and obstructed pilot access. Further cases address partial power loss linked to an unannounced software update and pressure over navigation decisions. Commentary emphasises equipment limitations, safe attachment, supplier communication and supportive bridge leadership.
- 202518 Dec
Dropped object – Bailout cylinder inside diving bell
During saturation diving preparations aboard a vessel, an unsecured bailout set fell approximately 2.5 metres through the bell opening, striking the Transfer Under Pressure door. Nobody was injured; the cylinder was damaged. The flash identifies deficient securing and checks, and records replacement of S-hooks, formal instructions, revised hazard analyses and retraining.
- 202527 Oct
Japan Transport Safety Board: two confined space fatalities
An IMCA flash summarises a Japanese bulk-carrier incident in which two stevedores collapsed during unloading; one died and one was seriously injured. Low oxygen and elevated carbon dioxide were likely linked to palm kernel shell fermentation. It highlights absent atmospheric testing, inadequate work controls and recommendations for training and cargo risk profiling.
- 202517 Sep
UK HSE: oil company fined after serious failure of elevator
An IMCA safety flash describes three workers encountering water while descending in a lift on the FPF-1 platform for inspection work. They stopped the lift and returned safely without injury. Hardware failures, incorrect operating procedures and absent water alarms were identified; enforcement included a £300,000 fine and an improvement notice.
- 20254 Jun
LTI: Back injury in Confined Space (Tank Entry)
A worker injured their lower back after losing hand grip while exiting a confined compartment feet-first through a lightening hole during planned maintenance. The flash examines access ergonomics and gaps in risk assessment, describing additional grab handles, possible platforms under investigation and a review of confined-space entry procedures.
- 2025Apr
CHIRP Superyacht FEEDBACK 9 (April 2025)
This superyacht incident digest examines a post-dry-dock fire, unsuitable crew accommodation during repairs, drug use, inadequate provision for working aloft, a falling crane hook, fatigued anchoring and unrecognised enclosed spaces. Commentary addresses safety culture, equipment readiness, familiarisation, design feedback and atmospheric testing.
- 202520 Mar
Fatal accident on board bulk carrier Berge Mawson with loss of 3 lives
MAIB investigates three stevedore deaths in Berge Mawson’s coal cargo hold access space. The report considers a fatal atmospheric mechanism highly likely, while noting that medical causes were unconfirmed. It examines pre-entry gas testing, permits, access security, warning comprehension, training and rescue arrangements during cargo operations.
- 20256 Feb
Confined space entry hot work fatality
A welder died after entering a pipe to check welding in a shipyard. The flash identifies shortcomings in entry restrictions, supervision, communication, procedures and assessment of argon-related risks. Actions included barriers and signage at specified pipe openings, revised restricted-space procedures, and additional inert-gas input to risk assessments and work permits.
- 202523 Jan
Accident to chief engineer on board motor yacht Baton Rouge with loss of 1 life
Investigation of a chief engineer’s fatal electrocution during ventilation damper actuator replacement aboard Baton Rouge in Antigua. It examines work on a live circuit, unused permit arrangements, heat, inadequate monitoring and rescue planning, and conflicting enclosed-space definitions. Management revised its procedures; the report makes no recommendations.
- 2025
CHIRP Maritime FEEDBACK 80 (Autumn 2025)
This maritime incident digest examines unsafe pilot transfers, an obstructed escape hatch, incorrect antenna labelling, pest infestation and unsafe fumigation, an unmanned survey vessel capsize, and an enclosed-space inspection injury. Commentary emphasises practical design validation, operational limits, crew welfare and confirmed communication between teams.
- 202427 Mar
LTI: person slipped climbing out of tank
A crew member fractured his right forearm after slipping while approaching a vessel’s fresh water tank exit hatch for a rest break. The investigation identified pooled cleaning water on smooth painted surfaces. Lessons include reviewing inspection frequency and assessing whether non-slip tank coatings are feasible.
- 202419 Feb
Unauthorised entry into confined space
During barge repairs involving welding and grinding, subcontract personnel entered a confined space without authorisation. A stand-by person intervened and work stopped; nobody was harmed. The flash identifies inadequate barriers, hazard awareness and supervision, and describes strengthened access controls, contractor engagement, permits and training requirements.
- 202419 Feb
US BSEE: Confined space entry – tank cleaning
This safety flash summarises two tank-cleaning incidents requiring CPR, including unplanned entry while wearing an outside-use respirator. It reports rushing and non-compliance in the first case and a possible cardiac contribution in the second. BSEE recommends considering entry authorisation, task analysis, ventilation, communication, training and rescue arrangements where appropriate.
- 2024
CHIRP Annual Digest 2024
This annual compilation brings together anonymised maritime incident reports and commentary on crew welfare, vessel design, engineering, deck work and navigation. Cases examine enclosed-space entry, mooring injuries, pilot ladders, machinery hazards and groundings. Discussion emphasises leadership, communication, work permits, training and lessons for conventional and autonomous vessel operations.
- 2024
CHIRP Maritime FEEDBACK 74 (Spring 2024)
This maritime digest examines tug and barge safety, dry-ice asphyxiation, leaking bunker connections, sulphur-emission non-compliance, a fall during mast work, lift-maintenance hazards and open cargo hatches at sea. Commentary addresses leadership, familiarisation, ventilation, permits to work and verified isolation, alongside design shortcomings and protection for confidential reporters.
- 2024
CHIRP Maritime FEEDBACK 76 (Autumn 2024)
This maritime digest examines unauthorised enclosed-space entry, tug propulsion failure during LNG berthing, suspected officer fatigue, rotating-shaft hazards, inadequate provisions, deficient dynamic-positioning capability and departure in strong winds. Case commentary contrasts effective teamwork and stop-work intervention with commercial pressure and weak safety culture, highlighting entry permits, towing configuration and position-reference requirements.
- 202313 Dec
BSEE Safety Alert 477 - Hazards of Working in Confined Spaces
BSEE describes two tank-cleaning incidents requiring CPR: an unplanned entry to free a vacuum nozzle and illness followed by collapse during exit. The alert examines procedural lapses and rushing in the first case, and recommends operators consider entry planning, communication, ventilation, appropriate respiratory protection, rescue arrangements and current training.
- 202327 Nov
Case study: Confined space fatalities due to hydrogen sulphide
Three people died during gas sampling in a jack-up rig’s spud can; a standby worker survived exposure outside the opening. The summary links circumstantial evidence to hydrogen sulphide inhalation and examines unsuitable SCUBA equipment, restricted ventilation, unprotected rescue and contractor assurance. Proposed training covers monitoring, correct breathing apparatus and emergency response.
- 202322 May
Unexpected H2S Detection at Offshore Facilities
This alert summarises unexpected hydrogen sulphide detections at offshore facilities producing from fields classified as H2S absent. Cases involve production equipment, cargo tanks, defoamer transfer and ballast-tank cleaning. BSEE recommends considering atmospheric testing, stagnant-tank inspections, crew drills, routine sampling and risk assessments addressing bacterial generation of the gas.
- 2023
CHIRP Maritime FEEDBACK 71 (Summer 2023)
This maritime digest examines engine defects, misleading master–pilot exchanges, language barriers, a power shutdown, a yacht collision and repeated falls from a paint raft. Commentary addresses commercial pressure, communication and supervision. A separate article describes automated tank cleaning with high-pressure spinning nozzles and remote drone inspections to reduce enclosed-space entry.
- 2023
CHIRP Superyacht FEEDBACK 3 (Summer 2023)
Superyacht incident reports examine missing atmospheric testing equipment, tender lifting-eyebolt failure, an unsafe hull inspection dive, a fall following release of a securing shackle, and an anchoring near miss. Commentary addresses enclosed-space entry, lifting-point specifications, risk assessment, supervision, authority gradients and communication during anchor handling.
- 2022Aug
What’s an Acceptable LEL Detector Reading? — Process Safety Beacon, August 2022
This bulletin examines a fatal tank explosion during emptying by vacuum truck, where work continued after a reading of 67% of the lower explosive limit. It explains vapour accumulation and sludge hazards, emphasising calibrated gas testing, compliance with testing limits, bonding and grounding, and recognised tank-cleaning practices.
- 202124 Sep
Evergreen Packaging Paper Mill - Fire During Hot Work
Investigation of a fatal fire during paper-mill tower maintenance in Canton, North Carolina. A heat gun fell into flammable resin, and fire spread between connected bleaching towers, killing two workers. The report examines hot-work recognition, confined-space permits, contractor coordination, combustible fibreglass construction and emergency response, with recommendations for procedures and training.
- 202131 Aug
What are audits for? Some eCMID findings
This safety flash reviews findings from 769 eCMID vessel inspections over the 12 months to April 2021. It highlights shortcomings in confined-space entry arrangements, chemical handling procedures, firefighting equipment, watertight closures, navigation equipment, engine-room practices and lifting-equipment management, alongside links to related incidents.
- 202122 Jul
WSH: Two workers passed out and died in a dredger's ballast tank
A safety flash describes a supervisor collapsing during a dredger ballast-tank inspection and two workers collapsing during attempted rescues. Two died; one recovered after forced ventilation was introduced. WSH recommendations address authorisation before opening confined spaces, appropriate entry training and avoiding solo rescue without proper PPE.
- 202120 May
Britannia P&I Club: Double fatality resulting from confined space entry
An IMCA safety flash recounts two fatalities in a bulk carrier’s cargo hold containing logs. The Chief Officer collapsed after entering, and an Able Seaman attempting rescue also collapsed. Both fell and died from asphyxia. The flash describes crew response and points to Britannia’s case-study learning materials.
- 20218 Apr
SIMOPS – Smoke from hot work task enters confined space
During sewage-tank cleaning aboard a vessel in dry dock, a ventilation fan drew smoke from nearby oxy-propane cutting into the confined space. Workers evacuated without harm. The flash examines gas-detector placement, overdue calibration and missing bump tests, and identifies improvements to simultaneous operations planning and fume extraction.
- 202010 Dec
Entry to enclosed space on fishing vessel Sunbeam with loss of 1 life
Investigates a fatal tank entry aboard Sunbeam in Fraserburgh. Leaking refrigerant from corroded evaporator tubes displaced air in a refrigerated salt water tank. The report examines inadequate repairs, non-gastight isolation valves, normalised unsafe entry, absent atmospheric precautions, rescue arrangements and gaps in machinery survey oversight.
- 202010 Nov
Confined space entry fatality
An explosion during spray painting in a fresh-water tank aboard a vessel in a shipyard killed one worker and injured another. The worker assisting outside the tank was rescued conscious; the worker inside was found unconscious and later declared dead at hospital. The ignition source remained under investigation.
- 202023 Jun
Fall from a height into a ballast tank
A welder helper fell through a tween-deck opening while accessing work inside a vessel’s ballast tank. The flash identifies inadequate route assessment, job-specific permit shortcomings and a late team change. It describes safer access, revised confined-space risk assessments, retraining and renewed emphasis on stop-work authority; the cause of the fall remains unknown.
- 202010 Jan
Crew member fainted after working in water ballast tank
A crew member collapsed after removing sediment and rust from a ship’s water ballast tank. Treatment addressed suspected hydrogen sulphide poisoning, but subsequent atmospheric tests found no harmful gases. The flash identifies shortcomings in hazard awareness and risk assessment, recommending space-specific assessment and effective briefings despite prior ventilation and personal monitoring.
- 201918 Jun
Confined spaces: Silent and invisible killers
This safety flash recounts three deaths during confined-space entry and attempted rescue in a laid-up mobile offshore drilling unit undergoing leg dewatering. With the investigation incomplete, it relays USCG encouragement for entry and rescue training, practical emergency drills, and verification that required safety equipment is available, maintained, tested and functional.
- 201918 Jun
High potential near miss: Person found unconscious in confined space
A commissioning engineer entered a gas valve unit during nitrogen pressure testing and collapsed. Entry proceeded without a confined-space permit, atmospheric test results or safety watch. Following rescue and CPR, the engineer recovered fully. The flash emphasises authorised entry, atmosphere testing, a safety watch, rescue planning and discussion with a supervisor.
- 201928 Jan
Confined space entry: Person overcome by fumes and rendered unconscious
A vessel crew member cleaning a faulty sewage-tank sensor was overcome by hydrogen sulphide, lost consciousness and fell from a fixed rack to the deck. The flash identifies failures in risk assessment, work authorisation, atmospheric checks and maintenance procedures, and reinforces safe systems of work and awareness of gas hazards.
- 201928 Jan
Confined space entry: Worker died inside pump room
A worker died after losing consciousness while six workers dismantled valves in a vessel’s pump room and noticed fumes. The flash relays WSH precautions covering atmospheric ventilation, respiratory protection when adequate ventilation is impossible, and isolation, depressurisation and purging of hazardous-material pipelines before dismantling.
- 201928 Jan
Confined space fatality on-board the fishing vessel Sunbeam
A second engineer died after entering a refrigerated saltwater tank aboard Sunbeam at Fraserburgh. Three crew members attempting resuscitation became unwell; recovery involved crew wearing breathing apparatus. Entry procedures had not been completed. The flash highlights robust confined-space procedures and practised rescue plans.
- 201928 Jan
Person felt unwell while working in confined space
A worker became dizzy and weak while cleaning a mud tank and was rescued by the tank watchman. The flash identifies deficiencies in permits, atmospheric checks, gas detector use, isolation and rescue arrangements. It highlights missing mud hazard information and checks of lockout kits, detectors and rescue equipment.
- 201819 Oct
Safety warning about working in enclosed spaces after the loss of 1 life on a fishing vessel
This bulletin presents initial findings from a fatal refrigerated salt water tank entry aboard Sunbeam at Fraserburgh. Testing found severe oxygen deficiency and Freon R22; refrigerant leakage through failed evaporator tubes was considered likely. It discusses hazardous rescue attempts and recommends tank-entry risk assessments, safe procedures and appropriate safety equipment.
- 2018Jun
Safe Work Permits – Understand the Scope of Work — Process Safety Beacon, June 2018
This bulletin examines two nitrogen-asphyxiation deaths during refinery maintenance after workers attempted to retrieve tape from a vessel outside the permitted job scope. It emphasises recognising scope changes, reassessing confined-space entry requirements, communicating hazards and stopping work to consult the permit issuer before undertaking unapproved tasks.
- 201721 Dec
Near miss: Worker temporarily trapped in confined space
A painter inspecting a tank aboard a vessel in a shipyard was inadvertently enclosed when its manhole cover was closed. Knocking alerted nearby workers, and he exited unharmed. The flash identifies absent standby arrangements, lone entry despite an expected buddy system, and missing permit controls, followed by a management-led safety stand-down.
- 201711 Aug
Oxygen and acetylene hose caught fire
An oxygen/acetylene hose fire was stopped by interrupting the gas supply, with no injuries and slight material damage. The flash identifies oil contamination, sharp edges and potentially inadequate ventilation as possible contributors. It explains oxygen-enrichment hazards and outlines isolation, ignition-source removal, ventilation and leak repair when enrichment is suspected.
- 20161 Sep
Confined space fatality – Sharp Lady
Following crude oil discharge and washing, two crew members entered a cargo tank to recover lost equipment and experienced hydrocarbon vapour effects. The Master entered to assist the collapsed Cadet and died. The flash highlights incomplete compliance with enclosed-space procedures, unappreciated atmospheric risk and missed opportunities to stop entry.
- 201515 Dec
Confined space entry incidents – a reminder
This safety flash describes confined-space incidents during a vessel’s class renewal docking, involving subcontractors and a company-personnel near miss. Cases include obstructed access, absent attendants, untested gas detectors, missing harnesses and hot work without ventilation. Crew interventions prevented harm, with lessons stressing procedural compliance, contractor vigilance, training and safety leadership.
- 20152 Oct
Confined space fatality in shipyard
A rope access worker died after entering a riser guide tube to retrieve foam at a fabrication site. The flash identifies missing job safety analysis, pre-entry gas testing, rescue equipment and written procedures. Recommendations include eliminating entry, approving JSA before permits, detector training and mechanical extraction arrangements.
- 20152 Oct
Fall from height in a confined space
An employee descending a ladder to remove cellar-wall tie rods fell 2.5 m while repositioning a single-hook safety lanyard. The flash records restricted working conditions and shortcomings in equipment, protective methods, knowledge, procedures and supervision. Rescue personnel assisted a medic before crane-assisted extraction and ambulance transfer.
- 201528 Aug
Confined space entry fatalities
This safety flash describes five deaths following entry into a compartment on a pontoon beached for repairs. Air quality was not checked before the initial entry. Successive rescue entrants also became unconscious or succumbed; only one of the six entrants survived. The account highlights uncontrolled confined-space entry.
- 2015Apr
Safe work in confined spaces
This Approved Code of Practice explains confined-space regulatory duties, identification of specified risks and avoidance of entry. It addresses competent risk assessment, written safe systems, atmospheric testing, ventilation and isolation, alongside respiratory equipment, access design, rescue arrangements, equipment maintenance and role-specific training.
- 201418 Dec
Confined space entry fatality
This safety flash summarises an IOGP alert concerning two shipyard workers who entered a confined space following welding with argon shielding. One died and the other required medical treatment. It highlights the seriousness of confined-space entry risks and points readers to the original alert and an IMCA video.
- 20148 Sep
Confined space entry – multiple fatalities
Three crew members died after entering a cargo hold access compartment on a docked timber-carrying vessel. The flash describes rescue attempts involving breathing apparatus without a fitted face mask, an emergency escape breathing device and lifting slings. Rescuers experienced severe breathing problems, and resuscitation efforts failed to save the casualties.
- 2014Aug
Safety warning regarding entry to confined spaces after loss of 3 lives
This safety bulletin examines three crew deaths following entry into Suntis’s cargo hold access compartment. Initial findings identified severe oxygen depletion, likely associated with timber cargo. It discusses unsafe rescue attempts, breathing apparatus deficiencies, permit-controlled entry, rescue planning and training, and the limitations of emergency escape breathing devices.
- 201420 Jun
Improper Confined Space Entry Results in Multiple Fatalities
An employee became incapacitated after entering a tank containing a water–nitrogen mixture from a rigless coil tubing operation. Three colleagues entered in attempted rescue. The supervisor ordered drainage and further entry using a safety line. Three employees died; a fourth received first aid and hospital treatment.
- 201413 Mar
Loss of consciousness due to exposure to H₂S
Two mechanics lost consciousness and a third became dizzy after hydrogen sulphide escaped during high-pressure water cleaning of a sewage tank. All recovered. The flash identifies omitted toxic-gas hazards, absent gas detection and inadequate planning, and discusses permits, revised procedures, training and confined-space precautions.
- 201420 Feb
Fatality in ballast water tank – working at height in a confined space
A crewman suffered a fatal fall while climbing out of a vessel’s ballast tank after air-quality checks. His gas detector became trapped between him and the ladder. The flash examines absent fall protection, missing entry authorisation and training deficiencies, with lessons on safe climbing, risk assessment and confined-space rescue arrangements.
- 20125 Nov
Risk of carbon monoxide release during the storage of wood pellets
This safety alert describes fatal carbon monoxide poisoning associated with wood pellet storage, including domestic cases. It explains factors affecting gas production and oxygen depletion in enclosed stores. Suggested precautions cover competent installation and servicing, restricted entry, atmospheric checks, ventilation, risk assessment and warning information.
- 201210 Jul
Confined space entry fatality
A crewman entered a vessel’s cargo tank without breathing apparatus to retrieve sampling equipment and died from oxygen deprivation despite rescue efforts. The flash summarises AIBN findings on the probable tank atmosphere, probable lack of motivation to comply with procedures, and wider non-compliance with confined space entry requirements aboard the vessel.
- 2012Jun
Carbon monoxide poisoning from portable petrol pump on pair trawler/guard ship Starlight Rays with loss of 1 life
Investigates fatal carbon monoxide poisoning aboard Starlight Rays during use of a portable petrol-driven salvage pump in an unventilated fish hold. Examines failure to prime, exhaust accumulation, further crew exposure during rescue, breathing-apparatus limitations, atmospheric testing and ventilation, alongside shortcomings in risk assessment and equipment assurance.
- 201229 Feb
Major injury suffered in confined space incident
A meter reader sustained severe brain damage after entering a water meter chamber without testing its atmosphere, later measured at six percent oxygen. A colleague attempted rescue but had to withdraw because he could not breathe. The flash stresses atmospheric checks and appropriate confined-space entry and rescue procedures.
- 201229 Feb
Near-miss: Serious subsea burning incident
A saturation diver triggered an explosion while burning holes in a toppled submerged quarters building. Air flushing failed to remove trapped explosive gases from its complex interior. Lessons distinguish vent holes from drain holes, address communication and verification, and recommend alternative cutting methods where the absence of explosive gases cannot be assured throughout the job.
- 201114 Jul
Confined space – multiple fatalities
An onshore oil-well incident involved four workers collapsing after entering a water tank containing water mixed with nitrogen, including attempted rescuers. Three subsequently died. The flash identifies failures in procedural compliance, confined-space permitting, pre-entry multi-gas testing, appropriate protective equipment and rescue planning.
- 20114 Jul
Confined space – multiple fatalities
A bosun fell into a vessel’s slop tank for unknown reasons. Two colleagues entered to help, and all three became unconscious. Subsequent rescue used ventilation, atmospheric testing and breathing apparatus. The bosun died; both colleagues recovered after hospitalisation. Investigation noted impulsive rescue entries and inadequate understanding of hydrogen sulphide accumulation.
- 2011Mar
OCM1 - Confined spaces
Guidance for offshore dutyholders on preparing method statements for confined-space work. It addresses avoiding entry, competent workers, isolation, ventilation, atmospheric testing and breathing apparatus checks. Space-specific rescue planning includes communication, rescuer capability, resuscitation equipment and practice exercises, with clarification of the offshore status of confined-space regulations.
- 201025 Aug
Xcel Energy Company Hydroelectric Tunnel Fire
Investigates the fatal Cabin Creek penstock fire during epoxy sprayer cleaning with methyl ethyl ketone. Static discharge was the most likely ignition source. The report examines confined-space monitoring, contractor selection, training and rescue arrangements, with recommendations on solvent substitution, ignition prevention and escape, supported by comparative incident research.
- 201028 May
Incident during entry to diving bell
A stand-by diver attempted to enter a surfaced diving bell before residual diving gas had been flushed out. Oxygen starvation caused confusion, a fall out of the bell and brief unconsciousness on deck. The flash highlights access control, flushing, atmospheric monitoring and robust confined space entry procedures.
- 20092 Apr
Burns suffered in confined space
An ROV technician sustained burns after a heat gun ignited contact-cleaner gases inside a winch drum hub. The flash identifies inadequate ventilation, absent entry authorisation and poor supervision. It records difficult rescue and suggests considering relocation of the rotary junction box to avoid confined-space maintenance.
- 200925 Mar
Confined Space Activity Results in Loss of Consciousness Incident
An alert describes preparations for tank entry on an accommodation barge to maintain a leakage detection system. Within one minute of removing the manhole cover, a gas detector alarm sounded and the worker lost consciousness beside the hatch. The worker recovered fully; the incident was classified as high potential, medical treatment and lost time.
- 2008Dec
MAIB Safety Digest 3/2008
A collection of merchant, fishing and leisure-vessel accidents examines navigation, towing, machinery failures, fires, flooding and drowning. Lessons address bridge controls, equipment testing, communication, watertight integrity and properly worn lifejackets. A reproduced safety bulletin highlights fatal enclosed-space entry and oxygen depletion.
- 200823 Jul
Ballast tank hydrogen
A crew member lost consciousness after a tank was opened for planned maintenance on a semi-submersible accommodation unit. Later sampling identified unexpectedly high hydrogen levels, explained by an electrolytic reaction in the ballast tank below. The flash recommends regular venting, purging before opening, hydrogen testing before entry and reviewing sampling procedures.
- 2008Jul
Safety warning after 3 investigations into entry to enclosed spaces with total loss of 6 lives
This MAIB bulletin examines six deaths across three shipboard enclosed-space accidents, including oxygen depletion associated with corrosion and cargo atmospheres. It discusses failed rescue attempts and breathing apparatus use, and recommends better identification of dangerous spaces, compliance with safe working practices and industry-wide awareness of continuing fatalities.
- 2008
MAIB Safety Digest 2/2008
A collection of accident accounts and lessons spanning merchant shipping, commercial fishing and leisure craft. Cases examine engine-room fires, enclosed-space dangers, rescue-boat machinery failures, cargo sampling and securing, navigation, flooding and capsizing. Lessons address practical risk assessment, maintenance, safety-critical testing, training and coordination between crews and contractors.
- 200731 Oct
Confined space fatality
This safety flash describes fatal casualties following an explosion and serious fire in a vessel’s machinery space while in dry dock. Flammable gas accumulation was considered possible, with the ignition source unknown. Recommendations address gas-free certification, ongoing atmospheric monitoring, and isolation, depressurisation or removal of flammable-gas hoses during work breaks.
- 200620 Jun
Near-miss: Missing grating on platform in fuel tank
Workers entering a cargo tank discovered an unprotected drop beneath a ladder because a hinged grating platform had been left open for hoisting equipment or tools. No accident occurred. The flash recommends entry-procedure and toolbox discussion changes, warning signs, platform-position and locking-pin checks, and access-manual instructions for newly built vessels.
- 200531 Oct
Explosion in ballast tank causing loss of life
An explosion during oxy-acetylene repairs inside an oil rig’s ballast tank seriously burned two workers, one of whom later died. Gas had accumulated during a break through a torch valve that was not tight, with inadequate ventilation. Lessons address hot-work certificate follow-up, continuous ventilation, gas-equipment maintenance and precautions when leaving work temporarily.
- 20052 Jul
Suction Tank Confined Space Hazard
Two employees entered a rig mud pump suction tank for cleaning after permit completion and review of a lock-out JSA. An overlooked pressure-relief discharge connection led into the compartment from an unisolated pump whose bleed-off line remained unopened. A supervisor recognised the danger and removed the employees before an incident occurred.
- 20051 Jun
Confined Space Incident
This alert describes a confined-space incident assessed as having extremely high potential, attributed largely to disregard of established procedures. With the investigation still incomplete, it shares preliminary information to encourage review of the event and greater awareness of confined-space entry hazards.
- 20041 Dec
Uncontrolled decompression of diving bell
A diving bell vented to surface from 175 fsw after the last man leaving accidentally kicked open an unsuitable quarter-turn valve. No injuries or equipment damage were reported. The flash discusses prior sealing problems, replacement with a small-bore needle valve, testing before vessel installation, familiarisation drills and cautious movement in confined spaces.
- 20031 Sep
Airline coupling failure
Two contract cleaners inside a produced-water de-gasser lost their primary breathing-air supply when an airline coupling separated. Personal secondary supplies enabled safe withdrawal. Inspection identified incompatible male fittings that held during initial hand testing but were insecure when flexed. Recommendations addressed recorded daily checks and replacement with compatible hoses.
- 200315 Jul
Safety Alert 214 - Flash Fire and Explosion from Inadequately Vented Production Vessel
A confined-space sampling operation in a low-pressure separator resulted in a flash explosion, injuring four workers and blowing one off the platform into the water. The alert identifies inadequate ventilation and incomplete gas-detector deployment, and recommends procedural confirmation, hatchway hazard awareness, flotation-device readiness and review of guard barriers.
- 20033 Jul
Exposure to CO₂ release from dry ice storage
Two crew members became unwell while stowing refrigerated food aboard a vessel. Dry ice packed with fresh milk released carbon dioxide, displacing oxygen in the enclosed stowage area. The flash describes evacuation, atmospheric testing, job safety analysis, removal using self-contained breathing apparatus and overnight ventilation.
- 2003Jun
Hazards of Nitrogen Asphyxiation — Safety Bulletin - Hazards of Nitrogen Asphyxiation
This bulletin examines nitrogen asphyxiation through workplace incident data and selected cases involving confined spaces, breathing-air mix-ups and attempted rescue. It explains oxygen displacement and discusses continuous atmospheric monitoring, fresh-air ventilation, retrieval arrangements, breathing-air supply integrity, incompatible cylinder fittings and training for employees and contractors.
- 20031 Apr
Incidents submitted to IMO relating to vessels carrying SMCs
Four shipboard incidents reported to IMO illustrate weaknesses in safety management despite certification: a solvent explosion during tank painting, unintended machinery operation during welding, crane entanglement and an evaporator sight-glass blow-out. Findings address inadequate ventilation, isolation verification, procedural changes and ineffective ship-specific review and internal audit.
- 2002
MAIB Safety Digest 1/2002
A multi-case marine safety digest examines merchant, fishing and leisure vessel accidents and near misses. Lessons address lookout practice, radar limitations, fatigue, maintenance, enclosed-space entry, fire response and survival preparation. Detailed cases discuss lifeboat failures, hydraulic overpressure and heavy-weather yacht evacuation, with practical emphasis on checks, communication and training.
- 2001Mar
Entry to enclosed space on bulk carrier Diamond Bulker with 1 person injured and loss of 2 lives
Investigates two deaths and one injury during a military search of Diamond Bulker at anchor in Lough Foyle. The report attributes the accident to oxygen depletion and increased carbon dioxide from coal oxidation. It examines entry testing, breathing apparatus, inter-service planning, training and rescue, supported by subsequent atmospheric investigations.
- 20001 Sep
Confined space incident
Two workers died from oxygen deprivation during tank entry on a cargo barge, the second entering to rescue his collapsed colleague. A mandatory entry-permit procedure existed. Recovery involved breathing sets, and the company subsequently required atmospheric testing for all confined-space work, whether or not entry was necessary.
- 1996
MAIB Safety Digest 1/1996
A collection of maritime casualty accounts examines towing failures, engine-room fires, fatigue-related groundings, machinery injuries and fatal tank exposure. Cases discuss lifeboat winch clutches, fuel-system fittings, oxygen hoses and fishing-vessel flooding. Commentary addresses operating instructions, atmospheric testing, watchkeeper rest, fire suppression and lifesaving arrangements, retaining uncertainty where causes were not established.
- 1995
MAIB Safety Digest 3/1995
A marine safety digest examines casualties involving cargo movement, navigation, tank entry, flooding, capsizing and fishing gear injuries. Case commentary discusses gas-monitor interpretation, watertight closures, securing arrangements, bridge monitoring and emergency escape. Fishing cases explore snagged gear, shifting catch and unsafe handling of tensioned bridles.
- 1994
MAIB Safety Digest 3/1994
Marine accident accounts examine enclosed-space fatalities, mooring hazards, hydraulic deck controls, lifeboat launching, high-pressure washing and fishing-vessel casualties. Commentary addresses navigation competence, rope entanglement, stability, bilge pumping, alarms and watertight subdivision. Several flooding and overboard cases retain uncertain causes, while contrasting accounts illustrate differences in survival and emergency arrangements.
- 1990
MAIB Safety Digest 2/1990
A collection of marine investigations examines fatal enclosed-space entry, collisions, welding and cargo-hold fires, vessel losses and fishing accidents. Case observations address atmospheric testing, navigation, cargo securing, buoyancy equipment and winch operation. Reprinted guidance covers recovered explosive weapons, while an appendix lists investigations commenced during January–March 1990.
- Undated
Welder Burned in Flash Fire During Stiffener Cutting
An investigation documents burns sustained by a welder cutting stiffeners in a cramped lower wedge room. Hot metal or slag ruptured the cutting torch’s oxygen hose, and escaping oxygen caused a flash fire. The fire watch promptly closed the cylinder valve. Tight confinement was identified as a contributing cause.
- Undated
Residual Acetylene Ignited During Conductor-Casing Cutting
An investigation into a welder’s injury during conductor-casing cutting in abandonment and platform removal operations records residual acetylene ignition and momentary unconsciousness. Medical evaluation identified a slight left-wrist sprain. The report discusses hydrocarbon gas checks and a job safety analysis that omitted confined-space hazards, with no district recommendations.
- Undated
Worker Overcome by Fumes During Heater-Treater Cleaning
BSEE investigates a heater-treater cleaning incident on High Island A 379 B platform. A worker entered with an air-purifying respirator, was overcome by fumes and required rescue and resuscitation. Findings identify failures in confined-space permits, atmospheric monitoring, rescue readiness and personnel competence, alongside inaccurate reporting of the injury’s severity.
- Undated
Fire During Welding Inside Low-Pressure Production Separator
An MMS investigation examines a fire during welding inside a low-pressure production separator. Flammable material beneath the oil weir ignited, injuring a welder and a fire watch worker. Findings identify incomplete cleaning, an omitted internal inspection and intermittent rather than continuous atmospheric monitoring. Contractor expectations and supervisory training are recorded.
- Undated
Carbon monoxide poisoning on stern trawler Mariama K with loss of 1 life
Investigation of fatal carbon monoxide poisoning aboard Mariama K in Douarnenez, France. A petrol-engined portable pump discharged exhaust into an engine room without forced ventilation. The report examines bilge-pump deficiencies, exposure during rescue, atmospheric testing and ventilation, alongside compromised fire containment and shortcomings in vessel management.
- Undated
Confined Space Entry Program Reference Manual
Reference manual for developing confined space entry programmes under British Columbia’s regulatory framework. It covers space identification, hazard assessment, training, written procedures, atmospheric monitoring, ventilation, respiratory protection, lockout and piping isolation. Standby duties, rescue planning and entry permits accompany sample procedures, a worked permit and ventilation troubleshooting guidance.
- Undated
Enclosed Tank Cleaning: Fatal Facts
An OSHA fatality alert describes two deaths during cleaning and attempted rescue inside a natural-gasoline tank car. Residual vapours displaced oxygen, and the atmosphere was not tested before entry. It outlines permit-controlled entry, atmospheric monitoring, trained attendants, rescue arrangements and respiratory protection, highlighting the failed rescue using an air-purifying respirator.
- Undated
Entry to a confined space on general cargo vessel Baltiyskiy-107 with loss of 1 life
Investigation synopsis of a seaman’s death in a hold access shaft aboard Baltiyskiy-107 carrying timber. Crew attempted rescue using self-contained breathing apparatus. Subsequent atmospheric tests found very low oxygen and high carbon monoxide. These conditions were considered the most probable cause of death; his reason for entry remained unknown.
- Undated
Entry to enclosed space on dry cargo vessel Sava Lake with loss of 2 lives
This investigation examines two crew deaths in Sava Lake’s forward store while approaching the Dover Strait. Oxygen-depleted air almost certainly migrated from a hold carrying ferrous metal turnings through altered ventilation connections. The synopsis discusses cargo identification, carriage restrictions and failures to recognise the store as an enclosed space.
- Undated
Entry to enclosed space on emergency response rescue vessel Viking Islay with loss of 3 lives
Investigation of three fatal chain-locker entries aboard Viking Islay during North Sea rig support operations. Corrosion depleted atmospheric oxygen. The findings address unrecognised enclosed-space hazards, omitted permit measures, unsuitable gas monitoring equipment, unclear entry policy and inadequate training on emergency escape breathing devices, including their limitations during rescue.
- Undated
Entry to enclosed space on passenger cruise ship Saga Rose with 1 person injured and loss of 1 life
An investigation synopsis describes a fatal ballast-tank entry aboard Saga Rose during a Southampton visit. A second bosun entered to check water type; a motorman attempting rescue also collapsed but survived. Corrosion had depleted oxygen. The account examines assumptions about tank contents, permit requirements, enclosed-space procedures and emergency rescue.